![]() ![]() ![]() In this species, the staminate and pistillate flowers are not separated by a gap. Yellowish male (staminate) flowers are located at the top of the inflorescence and greenish female (pistillate) flowers are located underneath. Seedhead: Plants are monoecious, with each flower stalk being topped by two sets of minute flowers densely packed into a cylindrical inflorescence. This is because existing vegetative cover greatly reduces light and temperature for germination, and because cattail leaves and stems may produce allelopathic inhibitors. Within established broadleaf cattail stands, seedlings are practically nonexistent. Light, temperature, and oxygen requirements for germination are best met in shallow water or on moist mudflats in vegetation-free areas. Sexual reproduction via seed dispersal and seedling establishment is responsible for invasion of new areas.īroadleaf cattail seeds are capable of germinating immediately after shedding under favorable conditions, but require moist or wet substrates, warm temperatures, low oxygen concentrations, and long day-short night exposures for germination to occur. Vegetative reproduction occurs through an extensive rhizome system and is responsible for the maintenance and expansion of existing stands. The stout rhizomes, which are located 3 to 4 inches below the soil surface, grow up to 27 inches in length and are typically 0.2 to 1.2 inches in diameter.īroadleaf cattail reproduces sexually and asexually. Growth Characteristics: Broadleaf cattail is an erect, rhizomatous, semiaquatic or aquatic, perennial herb. Broadleaf Cattail © Larry Allain, Photo courtesy of Larry Allain, National Wetland Research Center, USGS. ![]()
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